Organizational Culture and Resistance to Technological Change: A Multivariate Analysis in Organizations of Cartagena de Indias
Keywords:
organizational culture, technological change, institutional leadership, digital climate, digital transformation
Abstract
This study examines the relationship between organizational culture (OC) and resistance to
technological change (RC) in a multisectoral context in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, also
incorporating variables of institutional leadership (IL), adaptability (AC), digital climate (DC), and organizational performance (OP). Using a non-experimental, cross-sectional,
correlational-explanatory quantitative design, a validated questionnaire was administered to
a sample of 130 employees from organizations in the city's education, service, commercial,
and industrial sectors. Data were processed using descriptive statistical analysis, Pearson
correlation, heat maps, and multiple regression models. The results show that organizational
culture has a negative and significant correlation with resistance to technological change (r
= -0.61, p < .001), and that the set of predictors explains between 47% and 63% of the
variance in the dependent variables. The implications for change management and the design
of contextually relevant digital transformation strategies are discussed.
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cambio tecnológico en Colombia. Educación y Ciencia, 23, 441–460.
• Westerman, G., Bonnet, D., & McAfee, A. (2014). Leading digital: Turning
technology into business transformation. Harvard Business Review Press.
• Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods
(6th ed.). Sage Publications.
transformational leadership. Sage Publications.
• Battistelli, A., Montani, F., & Odoardi, C. (2013). The impact of feedback from job and
task autonomy in the relationship between dispositional resistance to change and
innovative work behaviour. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology,
22(1), 26–41.
• Bharadwaj, A., El Sawy, O. A., Pavlou, P. A., & Venkatraman, N. (2013). Digital business
strategy: Toward a next generation of insights. MIS Quarterly, 37(2), 471–482.
Booth, A., Sutton, A., & Papaioannou, D. (2016). Systematic approaches to a successful
literature review (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.
• Bryman, A. (2016). Social research methods (5th ed.). Oxford University Press.
• By, R. T. (2005). Organisational change management: A critical review. Journal of
Change Management, 5(4), 369–380.
• Cámara de Comercio de Cartagena. (2022). Informe económico de Cartagena de Indias
2021. CCC.
• Cameron, K. S., & Quinn, R. E. (2011). Diagnosing and changing organizational culture:
Based on the competing values framework (3rd ed.). Jossey-Bass.
• Cárdenas, J., & Urrea, F. (2019). Cultura organizacional y transformación digital en
empresas colombianas: Una aproximación empírica. Revista de Administración de
Empresas, 59(4), 280–294.
• Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 155–159.
• Cortellazzo, L., Bruni, E., & Zampieri, R. (2019). The role of leadership in a digitalized
world: A review. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1–21.
• Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and
mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). Sage Publications.
• DANE. (2021). Encuesta de Micronegocios 2020–2021. Departamento Administrativo
Nacional de Estadística.
• Dávila, C., & Martínez, N. H. (2011). Cultura en organizaciones latinas. Siglo XXI
Editores.
• Denison, D. R. (1990). Corporate culture and organizational effectiveness. Wiley.
• Eisenhardt, K. M., & Martin, J. A. (2000). Dynamic capabilities: What are they? Strategic
Management Journal, 21(10–11), 1105–1121.
• Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A.-G. (2009). Statistical power analyses
using G*Power 3.1. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149–1160.
• Field, A. (2018). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (5th ed.). Sage
Publications.
• George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and
reference (4th ed.). Allyn & Bacon.
• Hernández, R., Fernández, C., & Baptista, P. (2014). Metodología de la investigación (6.ª
ed.). McGraw-Hill. Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G. J., & Minkov, M. (2010). Cultures and
organizations: Software of the mind (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
• Hu, L.-T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure
analysis. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55.
• Kerlinger, F. N., & Lee, H. B. (2002). Investigación del comportamiento (4.ª ed.).
McGraw-Hill.
• Kotter, J. P. (2012). Leading change. Harvard Business Review Press.
Kotter, J. P., & Schlesinger, L. A. (2008). Choosing strategies for change. Harvard
Business Review, 86(7/8), 130– 139.
• Lapointe, L., & Rivard, S. (2005). A multilevel model of resistance to information
technology implementation. MIS Quarterly, 29(3), 461–491.
• Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
• Oreg, S. (2003). Resistance to change: Developing an individual differences
measure. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(4), 680–693.
• Oreg, S., Vakola, M., & Armenakis, A. (2011). Change recipients' reactions to
organizational change: A 60-year review of quantitative studies. Journal of Applied
Behavioral Science, 47(4), 461–524.
• Pallant, J. (2020). SPSS survival manual (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
• Rogers, D. L. (2016). The digital transformation playbook: Rethink your business for
the digital age. Columbia University Press.
• Schein, E. H. (2010). Organizational culture and leadership (4th ed.). Jossey-Bass.
Schwab, K. (2016). The fourth industrial revolution. World Economic Forum.
• Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic
management. Strategic Management Journal, 18(7), 509–533.
• Torres, G., & Díaz, M. (2020). Liderazgo y cultura organizacional en contextos de
cambio tecnológico en Colombia. Educación y Ciencia, 23, 441–460.
• Westerman, G., Bonnet, D., & McAfee, A. (2014). Leading digital: Turning
technology into business transformation. Harvard Business Review Press.
• Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods
(6th ed.). Sage Publications.
Published
2026-04-17
How to Cite
Gutierrez, J. (2026). Organizational Culture and Resistance to Technological Change: A Multivariate Analysis in Organizations of Cartagena de Indias . Sustainability, Technology and Humanism, 17(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.25213/2216-1872.144
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